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(1º§)Clothing of Ancient Romans were generally simple
but that doesn't mean it didn't change through time,
although slowly. Roman clothing consisted of toga, tunic
and stola.
(2º§)The most commonly used material for their clothing
was wool but they also used and produced linen and
hemp. The production of these fibers was very similar.
After the harvest the fibers were immersed in water and
then aired. After that, fibers were pressed mechanically
with a mallet and smoothed with large combs. Fibers
were then spun and woven on looms.
(3º§)While wool, hemp and hemp were produced on the
Roman territory, silk and cotton were imported from
China and India. Because they were very expensive, they
were reserved for higher classes. From exotic materials,
Romans also used wild silk that is collected from the wild
after the insect had eaten its way out; and sea silk that
comes from the endemic "noble pen shell" that lives only
in Mediterranean. Although we think that all roman
clothes were white (because of the statues), Romans
dyed theirs clothes in purple, indigo, red, yellow and
other colors. Leather was used for protection against
poor weather (from leather were made heavy coats for
Roman soldiers), but its primary use was in footwear and
belts. Animal skins were also worn by soldiers.
Legionaries wore bearskins while Praetorians preferred
feline skins.
(4º§)Toga was probably the most significant item in the
ancient Roman wardrobe. It was made of wool and was
designed under the influence of the Etruscans and their
clothes. Basically the toga was a large blanket, draped
over the body, leaving one arm free. Reason why the free
citizens were required to wear togas was to differ from
slaves who wore tunics. Togas were forbidden for
foreigners and fro exiled Romans.
(5º§)Tunic is adopted from the Greeks and was worn by
everybody citizens, slaves and non-Romans and by both
genres. Wearer's status in Roman society was shown
with color and decorations of the tunic. It was worn as a
shirt or a gown or as undergarments.
(6º§)Stola was traditional clothing of Roman women
made of linen, cotton or wool. It was reserved for women
since 2nd century BC when the toga started to be
clothing reserved for men. It was a long, pleated dress,
worn over a tunic. It generally had no sleeves but there
were versions with shorter and longer sleeves.
Sleeveless version was fastened by clasps at the
shoulders. It also had belts or two that held stola.
(7º§)From the late Republic to the end of the Western
empire, clothing of Ancient Rome slowly changed. After
the Diocletian's reforms, clothing worn by soldiers and
non-military members of government became very
decorated. Their tunics and cloaks were decorated with
woven or embellished strips and circular roundels. Silk was used more than ever. Bureaucrats started using
pieces of clothing that were before reserved only for
military. People started wearing even the trousers which
was before that considered as a sign of cultural decay
because only barbarians wore trousers at that time.
http://www.historyofclothing.com/
http://www.historyofclothing.com/