Questões de Concurso

Pennycook’s description of the entanglements of English is best explained by which of the following concepts?

(a)

Linguistic Imperialism from Above: The spread of English primarily through the political, economic, and cultural influence of powerful English-speaking nations, emphasizing external forms of domination.

(b)

Methodological Decoloniality: An approach that questions dominant and hegemonic epistemologies and seeks alternative ways of understanding language and education grounded in local contexts, seeking to promote emancipation.

(c)

The Technocratic Tendency: An educational orientation that prioritizes measurable linguistic skills and standardized outcomes over broader social and political dimensions of language learning.

(d)

The Reproductive Nature of Hegemony: The process by which marginalized groups consent to and invest in the very cultural capital (English) that promises emancipation, yet simultaneously reinforces existing social hierarchies and exclusion.

(e)

Linguistic Pluriversality: A perspective that recognizes the coexistence of multiple linguistic and cultural worlds without assuming a single universal model of language or development.