Questões de Concurso

Atenção: Para responder às questões de números 1 a 8, considere o texto abaixo.

    As certezas sensíveis dão cor e concretude ao presente vivido. Na verdade, porém, o presente vivido é fruto de uma sofisticada mediação. O real tem um quê de ilusório e virtual.
    Os órgãos sensoriais que nos ligam ao mundo são altamente seletivos naquilo que acolhem e transmitem ao cérebro. O olho humano, por exemplo, não é capaz de captar todo o espectro de energia eletromagnética existente. Os raios ultravioleta, situados fora do espectro visível do olho humano, são, no entanto, captados pelas abelhas.
    Seletividade análoga preside a operação dos demais sentidos: cada um atua dentro de sua faixa de registro, ainda que o grau de sensibilidade dos indivíduos varie de acordo com idade, herança genética, treino e educação. Há mais coisas entre o céu e a terra do que nossos cinco sentidos − e todos os aparelhos científicos que lhes prestam serviços − são capazes de detectar.
    Aquilo de que o nosso aparelho perceptivo nos faz cientes não passa, portanto, de uma fração diminuta do que há. Mas o que aconteceria se tivéssemos de passar a lidar subitamente com uma gama extra e uma carga torrencial de percepções sensoriais (visuais, auditivas, táteis etc.) com as quais não estamos habituados? Suponha que uma mutação genética reduza drasticamente a seletividade natural dos nossos sentidos. O ganho de sensibilidade seria patente. “Se as portas da percepção se depurassem”, sugeria William Blake, “tudo se revelaria ao homem tal qual é, infinito”.
    O grande problema é saber se estaríamos aptos a assimilar o formidável acréscimo de informação sensível que isso acarretaria. O mais provável é que essa súbita mutação − a desobstrução das portas e órgãos da percepção − produzisse não a revelação mística imaginada por Blake, mas um terrível engarrafamento cerebral: uma sobrecarga de informações acompanhada de um estado de aguda confusão e perplexidade do qual apenas lentamente conseguiríamos nos recuperar. As informações sensíveis a que temos acesso, embora restritas, não comprometeram nossa sobrevivência no laboratório da vida. Longe disso. É a brutal seletividade dos nossos sentidos que nos protege da infinita complexidade do Universo. Se o muro desaba, o caos impera.

(Adaptado de: Eduardo Gianetti, O valor do amanhã, São Paulo, Cia. das Letras, 2010. p. 139-143)

Internet Architects Warn of Risks in Ultrafast Networks

    If nothing else, Arista Networks proves that two people can make more than $1 billion each building the Internet and still be worried about its reliability.
    David Cheriton, a computer science professor at Stanford known for his skills in software design, and Andreas Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, have committed $100 million of their money, and spent half that, to shake up the business of connecting computers in the Internet’s big computing centers.
    As the Arista founders say, the promise of having access to vast amounts of data instantly, anywhere, is matched by the threat of catastrophe. People are creating more data and moving it ever faster on computer networks. The fast networks allow people to pour much more of civilization online, including not just Facebook posts and every book ever written, but all music, live video calls, and most of the information technology behind modern business, into a worldwide “cloud” of data centers. The networks are designed so as to be always available, via phone, tablet, personal computer or an increasing array of connected devices.
    Statistics dictate that the vastly greater number of transactions among computers in a world 100 times faster than today will lead to a greater number of unpredictable accidents, with less time in between them.
    Mr. Bechtolsheim says that because of the Internet’s complexity, the global network is impossible to design without bugs. Very dangerous bugs, as he describes them, capable of halting commerce, destroying financial information or enabling hostile attacks by foreign powers.
    More transactions also mean more system attacks. Even though he says there is no turning back on the online society, Mr. Cheriton worries most about security hazards. “I ...... the claim that the Chinese military can take it down in 30 seconds, no one can prove me wrong,” he said.
    The common connection among computer servers, one gigabit per second, is giving way to 10-gigabit connections, because of improvements in semiconductor design and software. Speeds of 40 gigabits, even 100 gigabits, are now used for specialty purposes like consolidating huge data streams among hundreds of thousands of computers across the globe, and that technology is headed into the mainstream. An engineering standard for a terabit per second, 1,000 gigabits, is expected in about seven years.

(Adapted from. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/14/technology/)

Internet Architects Warn of Risks in Ultrafast Networks

    If nothing else, Arista Networks proves that two people can make more than $1 billion each building the Internet and still be worried about its reliability.
    David Cheriton, a computer science professor at Stanford known for his skills in software design, and Andreas Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, have committed $100 million of their money, and spent half that, to shake up the business of connecting computers in the Internet’s big computing centers.
    As the Arista founders say, the promise of having access to vast amounts of data instantly, anywhere, is matched by the threat of catastrophe. People are creating more data and moving it ever faster on computer networks. The fast networks allow people to pour much more of civilization online, including not just Facebook posts and every book ever written, but all music, live video calls, and most of the information technology behind modern business, into a worldwide “cloud” of data centers. The networks are designed so as to be always available, via phone, tablet, personal computer or an increasing array of connected devices.
    Statistics dictate that the vastly greater number of transactions among computers in a world 100 times faster than today will lead to a greater number of unpredictable accidents, with less time in between them.
    Mr. Bechtolsheim says that because of the Internet’s complexity, the global network is impossible to design without bugs. Very dangerous bugs, as he describes them, capable of halting commerce, destroying financial information or enabling hostile attacks by foreign powers.
    More transactions also mean more system attacks. Even though he says there is no turning back on the online society, Mr. Cheriton worries most about security hazards. “I ...... the claim that the Chinese military can take it down in 30 seconds, no one can prove me wrong,” he said.
    The common connection among computer servers, one gigabit per second, is giving way to 10-gigabit connections, because of improvements in semiconductor design and software. Speeds of 40 gigabits, even 100 gigabits, are now used for specialty purposes like consolidating huge data streams among hundreds of thousands of computers across the globe, and that technology is headed into the mainstream. An engineering standard for a terabit per second, 1,000 gigabits, is expected in about seven years.

(Adapted from. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/14/technology/)

Internet Architects Warn of Risks in Ultrafast Networks

    If nothing else, Arista Networks proves that two people can make more than $1 billion each building the Internet and still be worried about its reliability.
    David Cheriton, a computer science professor at Stanford known for his skills in software design, and Andreas Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, have committed $100 million of their money, and spent half that, to shake up the business of connecting computers in the Internet’s big computing centers.
    As the Arista founders say, the promise of having access to vast amounts of data instantly, anywhere, is matched by the threat of catastrophe. People are creating more data and moving it ever faster on computer networks. The fast networks allow people to pour much more of civilization online, including not just Facebook posts and every book ever written, but all music, live video calls, and most of the information technology behind modern business, into a worldwide “cloud” of data centers. The networks are designed so as to be always available, via phone, tablet, personal computer or an increasing array of connected devices.
    Statistics dictate that the vastly greater number of transactions among computers in a world 100 times faster than today will lead to a greater number of unpredictable accidents, with less time in between them.
    Mr. Bechtolsheim says that because of the Internet’s complexity, the global network is impossible to design without bugs. Very dangerous bugs, as he describes them, capable of halting commerce, destroying financial information or enabling hostile attacks by foreign powers.
    More transactions also mean more system attacks. Even though he says there is no turning back on the online society, Mr. Cheriton worries most about security hazards. “I ...... the claim that the Chinese military can take it down in 30 seconds, no one can prove me wrong,” he said.
    The common connection among computer servers, one gigabit per second, is giving way to 10-gigabit connections, because of improvements in semiconductor design and software. Speeds of 40 gigabits, even 100 gigabits, are now used for specialty purposes like consolidating huge data streams among hundreds of thousands of computers across the globe, and that technology is headed into the mainstream. An engineering standard for a terabit per second, 1,000 gigabits, is expected in about seven years.

(Adapted from. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/14/technology/)

Internet Architects Warn of Risks in Ultrafast Networks

    If nothing else, Arista Networks proves that two people can make more than $1 billion each building the Internet and still be worried about its reliability.
    David Cheriton, a computer science professor at Stanford known for his skills in software design, and Andreas Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, have committed $100 million of their money, and spent half that, to shake up the business of connecting computers in the Internet’s big computing centers.
    As the Arista founders say, the promise of having access to vast amounts of data instantly, anywhere, is matched by the threat of catastrophe. People are creating more data and moving it ever faster on computer networks. The fast networks allow people to pour much more of civilization online, including not just Facebook posts and every book ever written, but all music, live video calls, and most of the information technology behind modern business, into a worldwide “cloud” of data centers. The networks are designed so as to be always available, via phone, tablet, personal computer or an increasing array of connected devices.
    Statistics dictate that the vastly greater number of transactions among computers in a world 100 times faster than today will lead to a greater number of unpredictable accidents, with less time in between them.
    Mr. Bechtolsheim says that because of the Internet’s complexity, the global network is impossible to design without bugs. Very dangerous bugs, as he describes them, capable of halting commerce, destroying financial information or enabling hostile attacks by foreign powers.
    More transactions also mean more system attacks. Even though he says there is no turning back on the online society, Mr. Cheriton worries most about security hazards. “I ...... the claim that the Chinese military can take it down in 30 seconds, no one can prove me wrong,” he said.
    The common connection among computer servers, one gigabit per second, is giving way to 10-gigabit connections, because of improvements in semiconductor design and software. Speeds of 40 gigabits, even 100 gigabits, are now used for specialty purposes like consolidating huge data streams among hundreds of thousands of computers across the globe, and that technology is headed into the mainstream. An engineering standard for a terabit per second, 1,000 gigabits, is expected in about seven years.

(Adapted from. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/14/technology/)