Questões de Concurso

In language pedagogy, materials used in reading and listening instruction play a crucial role in how learners interact with receptive skills. One of the central debates in ELT concerns the nature of the input: whether it should be simplified to aid comprehension or remain unmodified to reflect real-world language use.
When teachers use naturally occurring language samples — such as news articles, interviews, podcasts, or informal conversations — without altering the grammar, lexis, or structure for pedagogical purposes, the materials are said to promote exposure to language as it is genuinely used in context. This practice is often contrasted with the use of contrived or pedagogically engineered texts, which aim to isolate specific forms or vocabulary items. The term that best describes materials used in the classroom specifically to develop listening or reading skills through exposure to unmodified language input is:

“A legacy of innovation lies in how communities share knowledge. Some inventors produce tools, others refine ideas, but all benefit from collective feedback. When criticism arises, they often eventually find ways to improve those tools and refine those ideas into something truly impactful.” In the sentence: “When criticism arises, they often eventually find ways to improve those tools…”, the pronoun they refers to:

The prepositions at and in frequently overlap in locative expressions. However, their selection is governed by specific spatial and functional constraints: “In” tends to imply enclosure or inclusion within a boundary (physical or abstract).
“At” generally denotes a specific point, especially in directional or functional contexts. Considering the standard usage of these prepositions in British and international varieties of English, the sentence below which demonstrates the most appropriate and contextually precise usage is:

In restrictive (defining) relative clauses, omission of the relative pronoun is syntactically possible under specific conditions. The sentence in which the relative pronoun could be grammatically omitted without altering the structure of the sentence is:

In academic discourse, cohesion plays a crucial role in structuring logical relationships between ideas, particularly in argumentative writing. Among the excerpts below one of them best demonstrates the use of concessive and referential cohesive devices that are typically employed to build contrast and support claims in argumentative texts.
The appropriate option is: