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When rock music met ancient archeology: the enduring power of Pink Floyd Live at Pompeii

The 1972 concert film Pink Floyd Live at Pompeii, back in cinemas this week, remains one of the most unique concert documentaries ever recorded by a rock band.

The movie captured the band on the brink of international stardom, released seven months before their breakout album Dark Side of the Moon, which would go on to sell 50 million copies and spend 778 weeks on the Billboard charts.

The film was the first time a rock concert took place in the ruins of an archaeological site. This intermingling of art and archaeology would change the way many thought of Pompeii.

The amphitheatre of Pompeii

The amphitheatre of Pompeii has quite a history as a venue for spectacles.

Constructed around 70 BCE, it was one of the first permanent constructed amphitheatres in Italy, designed to hold up to 20,000 spectators.

From graffiti and advertisements, we know it was used in antiquity for gladiatorial fights and displays and hunts of wild beasts and athletic contests.

Famously we are told by Roman historian Tactius in 59 CE a deadly brawl occurred between Pompeiians and residents of the nearby town of Nuceria during games, resulting in a ten-year ban on gladiatorial contests at the venue. The amphitheatre was destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE.

There is a long tradition of authors, artists, filmmakers and designers taking inspiration from the site and its destruction. A 13-year-old Mozart's visit to the Temple of Isis at the site inspired The Magic Flute in 1791.

In the rock music era, Pompeii has inspired numerous artists, especially around themes of death and longing. Cities in Dust (1985) by Siouxsie and the Banshees was perhaps the most famous until Bastille's 2013 hit Pompeii. In The Decemberists' Cocoon (2002), the destruction of Pompeii acts as a metaphor for the guilt and loss in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.

Since 2016, the amphitheatre has hosted concerts ? with audiences this time. Appropriately, one of the first was a performance by Pink Floyd's guitarist David Gilmour. His show over two nights in July 2016 took place 45 years after first playing at the site.

But how did Pink Floyd come to play at Pompeii in 1972?

Rethinking rock concert movies

It was the peak era of rock concert documentaries. Woodstock (1970) and The Rolling Stone's Gimme Shelter (1970), and other documentaries of the era, placed the cameras in the audience, giving the cinema-goer the same perspective as the concert audience.

As a concept, it was getting stale.

Filmmaker Adrian Maben had been interested in combining art with Pink Floyd's music. He initially pitched a film of the band's music over montages of paintings by artists such as Rene Magritte. The band rejected the idea.

Maben returned to them after a holiday in Naples, realising the ambience of Pompeii suited the band's music. A performance without an audience provided the antithesis of the era's concert films.

The performance would become iconic, particularly the scenes of Roger Waters banging a large gong on the upper wall of the amphitheatre, and the cameras panning past the band's black road case to reveal the band in the ancient arena.

It was as far away from Woodstock as possible.

The performance was filmed over six days in October 1971 in the ancient amphitheatre, with the band playing three songs in the ancient venue: Echoes, A Saucerful of Secrets, and One of These Days.

Ancient history professor Ugo Carputi of the University of Naples, a Pink Floyd fan, had persuaded authorities to allow the band to film and to close the site for the duration of filming. Besides the film crew, the band's road crew ? and a few children who snuck in to watch ? the venue was closed to the public.

In addition to the performance, the four band members were filmed walking over the volcanic mud around Boscoreale, and their performances in the film both were interspersed with images of antiquities from Pompeii.

The movie itself was fleshed out with studio performances in a Paris TV studio and rehearsals at Abbey Road Studios. 

Marrying art and music

Famously the Pink Floyd film blends images of antiquities from the Naples Archaeological Museum with the band's performances.

Roman frescoes and mosaics are highlighted during particular songs. Profiles of bronze statues meld with the faces of band members, linking past and present.

Later scenes have the band backdropped by images of frescoes from the famed Villa of the Mysteries and of the plaster casts of eruption victims.

The band's musical themes of death and mystery link with ancient imagery, and it would have been the first time many audience members had seen these masterpieces of Roman art.

The Memento mori mosaic features significantly during the performance of the song Careful with that Axe, Eugene. Naples National Archaeological Museum/Wikimedia Commons

Pink Floyd Live at Pompeii marked a brave experiment in rock concert movies.

Watching it more than 50 years later, it is a timepiece of early 70s rock and a remarkable document of a band on the brink of fame.

Because of their progressive rock sound, sonic experimentation and philosophical lyrics, it was often said by Pink Floyd's fans that they were "the first band in space". They even eventually had a cassette of their music played in space.

But many are not aware of their earlier roots in the dust of ancient Pompeii. The re-release of the film gives an opportunity to enjoy the site's unlikely role in music history.

Pink Floyd at Pompeii ? MCMLXXII is in cinemas from Thursday.

https://theconversation.com/when-rock-music-met-ancient-archeology-t he-enduring-power-of-pink-floyd-live-at-pompeii-252744

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Inside the charming city named 'Europe's highest capital' - with no trains or airports

Most of Europe's capital cities are full of tourists wanting to come and see the beautiful scenery and architecture.

But only one can say it's the highest in the continent.

High up in the Pyrenees mountains, 1,023m (3,356ft) above sea level, is Andorra la Vella, in Andorra.

The capital city - also one of the smallest in Europe - spans just five square miles, making London more than 120 times bigger than it.

And it's very hard to get to - due to the fact that no airport or train station can be found throughout the entire country of Andorra.

But that hasn't stopped 8 to 10 million people visiting the tiny place every year.

The best way of getting to Andorra is by flying to Barcelona, Girona or Lleida, in Spain, or Toulouse, France, and driving from any of them.

And while there, you can take advantage of Avinguda Meritxell, the Shopping Mile, filled with huge department stores and duty-free shopping, as Andorra has one of the lowest VATs in Europe.

One person on Tripadvisor described: 'It is a giant duty free shopping haven.

'Selling cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, perfumes and, more cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, perfumes, and even more clothes, shoes and the likes.

'Very good for local economy, very boring.'

Another draw for tourists to Andorra is the Caldea spa, the largest thermal spa in southern Europe - designed in 1987, using the hot springs that naturally flow in the region.

Here, you'll find indoor saunas, hammams and various types of baths, as well as an outdoor lagoon, surrounded by awe-inspiring mountain views.

The basic package for three hours access starts from ?30.50.

One person on Tripadvisor said: 'Fantastic spa with hydro massage pools and overlapping pools with futuristic design.'

Another visitor, who booked the basic entry, added: 'Very clean, very nicely designed and enjoyable. Absolutely worth it, 3 hours is more than enough.'

For the historians, Andorra's Old Town has a pre-Roman church, called Sant Esteve, dating back to the 9th century.

And Andorra La Vella is also an excellent place to stay if you want to head into the Pyrenees mountains.

When it comes to the weather, don't expect too much sun in Andorra.

In the mountains, the highs are as little as 8C in January and February, with the country having an average annual snowfall of 228cm.

Meanwhile, temperatures peak at 24C in July and August.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-15003409/Inside-charming-city -named-Europes-highest-capital-no-trains-airports.html (Adapted) 

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Inside the charming city named 'Europe's highest capital' - with no trains or airports

Most of Europe's capital cities are full of tourists wanting to come and see the beautiful scenery and architecture.

But only one can say it's the highest in the continent.

High up in the Pyrenees mountains, 1,023m (3,356ft) above sea level, is Andorra la Vella, in Andorra.

The capital city - also one of the smallest in Europe - spans just five square miles, making London more than 120 times bigger than it.

And it's very hard to get to - due to the fact that no airport or train station can be found throughout the entire country of Andorra.

But that hasn't stopped 8 to 10 million people visiting the tiny place every year.

The best way of getting to Andorra is by flying to Barcelona, Girona or Lleida, in Spain, or Toulouse, France, and driving from any of them.

And while there, you can take advantage of Avinguda Meritxell, the Shopping Mile, filled with huge department stores and duty-free shopping, as Andorra has one of the lowest VATs in Europe.

One person on Tripadvisor described: 'It is a giant duty free shopping haven.

'Selling cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, perfumes and, more cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, perfumes, and even more clothes, shoes and the likes.

'Very good for local economy, very boring.'

Another draw for tourists to Andorra is the Caldea spa, the largest thermal spa in southern Europe - designed in 1987, using the hot springs that naturally flow in the region.

Here, you'll find indoor saunas, hammams and various types of baths, as well as an outdoor lagoon, surrounded by awe-inspiring mountain views.

The basic package for three hours access starts from ?30.50.

One person on Tripadvisor said: 'Fantastic spa with hydro massage pools and overlapping pools with futuristic design.'

Another visitor, who booked the basic entry, added: 'Very clean, very nicely designed and enjoyable. Absolutely worth it, 3 hours is more than enough.'

For the historians, Andorra's Old Town has a pre-Roman church, called Sant Esteve, dating back to the 9th century.

And Andorra La Vella is also an excellent place to stay if you want to head into the Pyrenees mountains.

When it comes to the weather, don't expect too much sun in Andorra.

In the mountains, the highs are as little as 8C in January and February, with the country having an average annual snowfall of 228cm.

Meanwhile, temperatures peak at 24C in July and August.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-15003409/Inside-charming-city -named-Europes-highest-capital-no-trains-airports.html (Adapted) 

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Inside the charming city named 'Europe's highest capital' - with no trains or airports

Most of Europe's capital cities are full of tourists wanting to come and see the beautiful scenery and architecture.

But only one can say it's the highest in the continent.

High up in the Pyrenees mountains, 1,023m (3,356ft) above sea level, is Andorra la Vella, in Andorra.

The capital city - also one of the smallest in Europe - spans just five square miles, making London more than 120 times bigger than it.

And it's very hard to get to - due to the fact that no airport or train station can be found throughout the entire country of Andorra.

But that hasn't stopped 8 to 10 million people visiting the tiny place every year.

The best way of getting to Andorra is by flying to Barcelona, Girona or Lleida, in Spain, or Toulouse, France, and driving from any of them.

And while there, you can take advantage of Avinguda Meritxell, the Shopping Mile, filled with huge department stores and duty-free shopping, as Andorra has one of the lowest VATs in Europe.

One person on Tripadvisor described: 'It is a giant duty free shopping haven.

'Selling cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, perfumes and, more cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, perfumes, and even more clothes, shoes and the likes.

'Very good for local economy, very boring.'

Another draw for tourists to Andorra is the Caldea spa, the largest thermal spa in southern Europe - designed in 1987, using the hot springs that naturally flow in the region.

Here, you'll find indoor saunas, hammams and various types of baths, as well as an outdoor lagoon, surrounded by awe-inspiring mountain views.

The basic package for three hours access starts from ?30.50.

One person on Tripadvisor said: 'Fantastic spa with hydro massage pools and overlapping pools with futuristic design.'

Another visitor, who booked the basic entry, added: 'Very clean, very nicely designed and enjoyable. Absolutely worth it, 3 hours is more than enough.'

For the historians, Andorra's Old Town has a pre-Roman church, called Sant Esteve, dating back to the 9th century.

And Andorra La Vella is also an excellent place to stay if you want to head into the Pyrenees mountains.

When it comes to the weather, don't expect too much sun in Andorra.

In the mountains, the highs are as little as 8C in January and February, with the country having an average annual snowfall of 228cm.

Meanwhile, temperatures peak at 24C in July and August.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-15003409/Inside-charming-city -named-Europes-highest-capital-no-trains-airports.html (Adapted) 

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Inside the charming city named 'Europe's highest capital' - with no trains or airports

Most of Europe's capital cities are full of tourists wanting to come and see the beautiful scenery and architecture.

But only one can say it's the highest in the continent.

High up in the Pyrenees mountains, 1,023m (3,356ft) above sea level, is Andorra la Vella, in Andorra.

The capital city - also one of the smallest in Europe - spans just five square miles, making London more than 120 times bigger than it.

And it's very hard to get to - due to the fact that no airport or train station can be found throughout the entire country of Andorra.

But that hasn't stopped 8 to 10 million people visiting the tiny place every year.

The best way of getting to Andorra is by flying to Barcelona, Girona or Lleida, in Spain, or Toulouse, France, and driving from any of them.

And while there, you can take advantage of Avinguda Meritxell, the Shopping Mile, filled with huge department stores and duty-free shopping, as Andorra has one of the lowest VATs in Europe.

One person on Tripadvisor described: 'It is a giant duty free shopping haven.

'Selling cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, perfumes and, more cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, perfumes, and even more clothes, shoes and the likes.

'Very good for local economy, very boring.'

Another draw for tourists to Andorra is the Caldea spa, the largest thermal spa in southern Europe - designed in 1987, using the hot springs that naturally flow in the region.

Here, you'll find indoor saunas, hammams and various types of baths, as well as an outdoor lagoon, surrounded by awe-inspiring mountain views.

The basic package for three hours access starts from ?30.50.

One person on Tripadvisor said: 'Fantastic spa with hydro massage pools and overlapping pools with futuristic design.'

Another visitor, who booked the basic entry, added: 'Very clean, very nicely designed and enjoyable. Absolutely worth it, 3 hours is more than enough.'

For the historians, Andorra's Old Town has a pre-Roman church, called Sant Esteve, dating back to the 9th century.

And Andorra La Vella is also an excellent place to stay if you want to head into the Pyrenees mountains.

When it comes to the weather, don't expect too much sun in Andorra.

In the mountains, the highs are as little as 8C in January and February, with the country having an average annual snowfall of 228cm.

Meanwhile, temperatures peak at 24C in July and August.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-15003409/Inside-charming-city -named-Europes-highest-capital-no-trains-airports.html (Adapted)