According to the “Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais”, communicative competence is composed of the following three types of knowledge:

In language teaching studies, some attempts of modeling the reading process have been made. The approach to reading that is generally accepted today is:

In “Oficina de Linguística Aplicada”, Moita Lopes (1996) discusses the concept of “self-ful?lling prophecy”, presented by Rosenthal and Jacobson in 1973. The author particularly uses this concept to tackle the belief of failure, which:

The “Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais" claim that learning a foreign language contributes to the learning of the first language. According to this document, that can be explained by the fact that learning a foreign language:

The “Currículo Mínimo – Língua Estrangeira” (2012) has the purpose of developing the following competence in basic school education: