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The word “while” has multiple meanings and functions.
Mark the alternative in which it has the same meaning as
the word in bold in the extract from the first paragraph in
the text: “While alternative methods are primarily products
of top-down processes”.
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Pronouns are important elements for text cohesion.
In the extract from the second paragraph “It signifies
interrelated attributes”, the pronoun It has “the
postmethod condition” as its referent. A pronoun it that
does not have a referent and only performs a grammatical
function is a “nonreferential it”. In the following sentences,
a “nonreferencial it” is found in:
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The following are characteristics of an approach used for
second language teaching.
•? No use of the mother tongue is permitted (i.e., the teacher does not need to know the students’ native language).
•? Lessons begin with dialogues and anecdotes in modern conversational style.
•? Actions and pictures are used to make meanings clear.
•? Grammar is learned inductively.
•? The target culture is also taught inductively.
•? The teacher must be a native speaker or have nativelike proficiency in the target language.
The characteristics listed are consistent with the approach named
•? No use of the mother tongue is permitted (i.e., the teacher does not need to know the students’ native language).
•? Lessons begin with dialogues and anecdotes in modern conversational style.
•? Actions and pictures are used to make meanings clear.
•? Grammar is learned inductively.
•? The target culture is also taught inductively.
•? The teacher must be a native speaker or have nativelike proficiency in the target language.
The characteristics listed are consistent with the approach named
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The end of the first paragraph “even as the methodological
band played on, practicing teachers have been marching
to a different drum” transported to second language
teaching, means that, although methods have frequently
been in use, practicing teachers have
Choose the alternative which best fills in the sentence
below.
“Aircraft safety manuals are ______ to understand.”
“Aircraft safety manuals are ______ to understand.”
