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In the sentence taken from the text “Over the past few centuries, it has served as an adjective, an adverb, a noun, and a pronoun”, the pronoun in bold letters refers to the word “other”. Sometimes, though, “it” does not have a referent and serves a grammatical function only, thus being named, for example, “dummy it”. Mark the alternative in which “it” has a referent. 
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In the fraction of the text “Speakers use a finite set of rules to produce and understand an infinite set of possible sentences.”, the words in bold carry opposite meaning because of the prefix “in”. The word which results in opposite meaning because of the same prefix is 
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Os verbos regulares a seguir foram retirados do texto e estão no tempo presente. Marque a alternativa em que os dois verbos têm seu sufixo -ed do passado e particípio passado pronunciado com /d/.
A student who does not know the meaning of the acronym A.D. would correctly ask for clarification from the teacher using the question 
A father earns the gratitude of his children by nurturing them to be preeminent in the Assembly of the Learned.

Thirukural, verse 67, circa 100 A.D. in: KUMARAVADIVELU, B. 2003.

Regular verbs ending in voiced sounds are pronounced with the sound /d/ in the simple past and past perfect, and so are most adjectives with the same form. However, the word “Learned”, present in the quotation above, has a distinctive pronunciation feature when functioning as an adjective or a noun: /?l??n?d/. Among the words below, choose the one that follows the same characteristic of pronunciation when used in such functions.