Questões de Concurso

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his paper presents the concept of task as the location for learning a foreign language (FL), a space for creation in and with the target language, with the tasks utilized simulating as closely as possible the situations which the students will encounter outside the classroom and which, moreover, emphasize meaning. Throughout the paper, the theory of the use of tasks for the teaching/learning of a FL present in the literature will be discussed, and an approach which is based on the utilization of tasks as the backbone for the planning of course is presented. In addition to emphasizing meaning, the tasks analyzed take a relatively long time to complete, i.e. they last more than a single class. Thus, the input can be remembered and re-worked as it reappears in different ways, thus making it possible for learning to be more long-lasting and significant.

(José Carlos Paes de Almeida Filho e Rita Barbirato.
Ambientes comunicativos para aprender línguas estrangeiras,
2000. Adaptado)

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English as a Lingua Franca

A number of researchers have studied conversations in English as a Lingua Franca and have noted a number of somewhat surprising characteristics, including:

•  Non-use of third person present simple tense -s (She look very sad).

•  Interchangeable use of the relative pronouns who and which (a book who, a boy which).

•  Omission of articles where they are mandatory in native-speaker English.

•  Increasing of redundancy by adding “inexistent” prepositions (We have to study about…, The article treats of…).

•  Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (informations, staffs).

The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ - that is, negotiating shared meaning through helping each other in a more cooperative way - than, it is suggested, native speakers are when talking to second language speakers (Jenkins 2004). In other words, non-native speakers seem to be better at ELF communication than native speakers are.

(Jeremy Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. Adaptado)

What is Interpol?

Founded in 1923, Interpol is an international police organisation made up of 194 member countries. It is not a police force in the traditional sense – its agents are not able to arrest criminals. Instead, it is more of an informationsharing network, providing a way for national police forces to co-operate effectively and tackle international crime ranging from human trafficking and terrorism to money laundering and illegal art dealing.

The organisation, based in France, operates centralised criminal databases that contain fingerprint records, DNA samples and stolen documents: a treasure trove so valuable that police consulted it 146 times every second in 2017. Interpol’s other main function is to issue notices: alerts to member states for missing or wanted persons. The bestknown of these is the “Red Notice”, a notification that a member state would like someone arrested. States are not obliged to follow these notices, but will often treat them as a warrant for someone’s arrest and extradition. “Diffusions”, which can be issued with less bureaucracy, are another popular way of seeking arrests through Interpol.

Notices and diffusions lie at the heart of the organisation’s recent turmoil. Though Interpol’s constitution explicitly forbids any activities of a political character, activists accuse it of failing to enforce this rule.

(www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/11/22/ what-is-interpol. Adaptado)